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Grafenort – Engelberg Tunnel
The Grafenort – Engelberg Tunnel is a railway tunnel built on the Luzern–Stans–Engelberg-Bahn, part of the Zentralbahn in Switzerland.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-02-13 )〕
Historically, the Luzern–Stans–Engelberg-Bahn had a very steep 25% incline between Grafenort and Engelberg; replacing this with a more direct tunnel has shortened uphill journey times by 14 minutes, and increased capacity.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-02-13 )〕 Thanks to timetable changes, journey times between Engelberg and Zurich/Bern have been shortened by 19 minutes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-02-13 )〕
Great care had to be taken with risk assessments and mitigation; some surrounding areas are very vulnerable to floods, landslides, or avalanches.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-02-13 )〕 Serious flooding in 2005 not only disrupted tunnel construction, but also trapped 1500 tourists in Engelberg, who had to be airlifted to safety.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-02-13 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-02-13 )〕
Construction of the tunnel posed several severe technical challenges;〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-02-13 )〕 this also increased the cost, to 176.5 million CHF. As the tunnel allows the use of longer, faster trains, a new power station has been built to provide additional electrical power.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-02-13 )〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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